Crushing device

ABSTRACT

A crushing device in the form of a container having an upper inlet and a lower outlet and a plurality of crushing zones in vertically distributed relation therebetween. Each crushing zone has horizontal anvil bodies fixed to the container in spaced parallel relation while between the anvil bodies, and in the same horizontal plane, are rows of hammers guided for movement in the horizontal direction for beating against the adjacent sides of the anvil bodies. A vibrator connected to the container supplies the power to move the hammers relative to the anvil bodies.

United States Patent Nette Aug. 29, 1972 [54] CRUSHING DEVICE [72]Inventor: Friedrich Wilhelm Nette, Sachsenstrasse 16, 4033 Hosel,Germany [22] Filed: May 22, 1970 [21] Appl. No.: 39,825

30 Foreign Application Priority pm May 24, 1969 Germany ..P 19 26 615.0

[52] US. Cl. ..241/147, 241/164, 241/262 [51] Int. Cl ..B02c 1/00 [58]Field of Search ..241/75, 76, 139, 147, 148, 241/149, 155, 156, 164,165, 262, 263, 283, 175; 146/290, 304

' [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,545,688 12/1970 Oshirna..241/75 X 1,150,099 8/1915 Cornell ..241/156 1,293,188 2/1919 Pfersch..241/175 X 2,922,588 l/l960 l-Ioesch ..241/175 X FOREIGN PATENTS ORAPPLICATIONS 818,603 10/1951 Germany ..241/165 Primary Examiner-RobertL. Spruill Attorney-Walter Becker ABSTRACT A crushing device in the fomiof a container having an upper inlet and a lower outlet and a pluralityof crushing zones in vertically distributed relation therebetween. Eachcrushing zone has horizontal anvil bodies fixed to the container inspaced parallel relation while between the anvil bodies, and in the samehorizontal plane, are rows of hammers guided for movement in thehorizontal direction for beating against the adjacent sides of the anvilbodies. A vibrator connected to the container supplies the power to movethe hammers relative to the anvil bodies.

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i v 7 l4 I6 Z2 Z3 lid I [jg (347 m If: /18 15 CRUSHING DEVICE Thepresent invention concerns a crushing device for lumpy and granularmaterial which comprises at least one container which is arranged in avertical direction and which comprises a plurality of crushing zonesarranged in vertically spaced relationship to each other. These crushingzones have associated therewith crushing tools which are driven by amotor, especially by at least one unbalance motor. Furthermore, thepresent invention concerns a method of operating a crushing device ofthe above mentioned type.

Grinding devices have become known which are provided with a grindingcontainer adapted to be subjected to circular or elliptic oscillationswhile in the grinding container there are loosely rotatably journalledgrinding discs which are parallel to or slightly inclined with regard tothe plane of oscillation of said container. The said grinding discscooperate with partitions fixedly arranged in the grinding container andhave a diameter which is somewhat less than the inner diameter of thegrinding container. Grinding devices of this type may be subdivided intoindividual grinding chambers respectively receiving a grinding disc. Thesaid partitions as well as the grinding discs are provided with perforations for the passage of the material to be crushed. With grindingdevices of the above mentioned type it is also known to arrange thegrinding container in upright condition and to rest the grinding discson the intermediate walls.

It has been found that the disc-shaped grinding bodies loosely mountedin the grinding chambers, for all practical purposes do not yield aneconomical grinding or crushing result. This is due to the fact that theloosely mounted grinding bodies are by the circular or ellipticoscillations of the grinding container for all practical purposes takenalong and in the grinding container carry out corresponding movement. Asa result thereof, the crushing tools, i.e., the disc-shaped grindingbodies cannot exert beatings upon the corresponding support on the innerwall of the container so that the material to be crushed willsubstantially in nontreated condition drop downwardly through thedevice.

Inasmuch as with these known designs the grinding surfaces facing eachother will with the elliptic oscillations of the container practicallyescape each other, the material to be crushed will in this regionparticularly easily drop downwardly. In order to obtain a usefulcrushing effect it is therefore necessary with the above mentioned knowndesigns to pass the material to be crushed through the device aplurality of times so that the cost of operation of such devices arerather high.

It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide acrushing device of the above mentioned general type which mill overcomethe drawbacks outlined above. It is another object of this invention toprovide a crushing device which will not only be simple in construction,but can also practically be employed economically for possible crushingoperations.

These and other objects and advantages of the invention will appear moreclearly from the following specification in connection with theaccompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a longitudinal section through a crushing deviceaccording to the invention.

FIG. 2 represents a section taken along the line Il-II of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a top view partially in section of a crushing zone withcrushing tools according to the invention.

FIG. 4 represents a section taken along the line IV- IV of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a section taken along the line VV of FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 is a view of a hammer-like body according to the invention.

FIG. 7 represents a top view of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is an end view of an anvil body for use in connection with thepresent invention.

FIG. 9 is a top view partially broken away of FIG. 8.

The crushing device according to the present invention is characterizedprimarily in that the crushing tools are formed by a plurality ofhammer-shaped bodies and cooperating stationary anvil bodies, saidhammershaped bodies being formed by a plurality of bodies arranged inthe respective crushing zone in and about the same horizontal planewhile said hammer-shaped bodies are substantially parallel to eachother. The hammer-shaped bodies extend at least in the direction towardthe anvil bodies under a minimum of friction and are so journalledthatthe hammer-shaped bodies are adapted to exert beating movements onlyin an approximately vertical direction upon the beating surfaces of theanvil bodies or beating movements correspondingly directed away fromsaid anvil bodies.

As a result thereof, the hammer-shaped bodies carry out a predetermined,i.e., directed beating or crushing movement so that the hammer-shapedbodies are able with safety with the required energy to impact againstthe beating surfaces of the anvil body and evaluation of the crushingsurfaces associated with each other is no longer possible. Consequently,the material which is from the top of the device fed into the crushingdevice can with safety be grasped by'the quickly alternating movementsof the hammer-shaped bodies and the material is on the beating surfacesof the anvil body crushed to the respective desired granular size.

By means of a device according to the invention, the material to becrushed can, as a rule in one cycle, be ground to'powder. Since thehammer-like bodies carry out precisely directed beats, the employeddriving energy is actually used for the crushing of the material fedinto the device so that a device according to the present invention willover heretofore known designs realize a greater output by from 30 to 60percent so that a correspondingly high degree of efficiency is realized. As a result thereof, the cost per ton of material to be crushedis, in contrast to heretofore known similar designs, considerably higherthan is the case with the present invention.

A particular advantage of the crushing device according to the presentinvention is seen in the fact that it can be employed practically in allindustrial establishments. Thus, for instance, it is possibleadvantageously to employ the crushing device according to the inventionin the cementing industry. For a considerable time, pipe or ball millshave been employed in the cement industry which have a rather low degreeof efficiency of approximately 5 percent only. For this reason it hasheretofore been necessary to feed the raw cement first from a collectingsilo through a scale to the mill from which the crushed material is fedto so-called discharge housing. From here, the material which to a greatextent was not yet crushed was conveyed to a bucket system from which itwas passed to an air sifter. The finer ingredients of the material werewithdrawn from this air sifter and conveyed to the finish silo whereasthe other part of the material, if necessary a plurality of times had tomove through the mill, discharge housing, bucket system and air sifterat a low degree of efficiency and thereby at high costs of operation.

In contrast thereto, the degree of efiiciency of the crushing deviceaccording to the invention is so high that as a rule one single passageof the raw cement through the crushing device will suffice wherebyconsiderable costs per ton of cement can be saved. Even when with thecrushing device according to the invention the raw cement is passedthrough the device according to the invention more than a single time,this will be considerably less expensive than with heretofore knowndesigns.

The device according to the invention can with the same advantage alsobe employed for crushing sand, fireproof clay, minerals, limestone, coalchemicals, slag, abrasives, colored minerals, quartzite, or the like. Inview of the high degree of efficiency of the crushing device accordingto the invention, the same can be built rather small, for instance, foruse in a laboratory, it can be employed in connection with themanufacture of tablets, in other words, in the pharmaceutical industry.A very important advantage also consists in that the hammer-like bodieswhich at a high sequence operate back and forth carry out, for instance,a plurality of beats per minute and can also be employed for intermixingsubstances filled into the device. Consequently, the crushing deviceaccording to the invention can advantageously be used also in thechemical industry, for instance, when making synthetic materials, andcan furthermore be used in the paint industry for the crushing of paintadditives.

It has been found that a crushing device according to the inventionoperates with considerably less noises than heretofore known pipe orimpact mills of the same output. The noise development iscorrespondingly lower with a device according to the present invention.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one anvilbody is arranged on each side of the hammer-shaped body.

It is particularly advantageous so to arrange the anvil bodies that thesame extend over the total width of the hammer-shaped bodies arranged ina crushing zone adjacent to each other. In this way, on each side of arow of hammer-like bodies, only a single anvil body is necessary sothat, viewed from an overall standpoint, the crushing device accordingto the invention will require a correspondingly reduced number ofindividual elements. This will be advantageous, not only during theassembly, but also in connection with repairs.

The invention is furthermore characterized in that in a plurality of thecrushing zones, preferably in all crushing zones, there is provided aplurality of rows of hammer-like bodies, with said rows arrangedadjacent to each other in approximately the same horizontal plane. Thesaid rows of hammer-like bodies form together with the associated anvilbodies, so to speak, a

grate or screen which oscillates in part back and forth. In view of thearrangement of a plurality of rows of hammer-shaped bodies in one plane,not only the power output of the crushing device is correspondinglyincreased, but in addition thereto, there is obtained the advantage thatthe material to be crushed, which is charged into the device from thetop, will practically uniformly be distributed over the individualcrushing tools without running the risk that the material will not becaught by the crushing tools and drop freely through.

A further feature of the invention consists in that the individual rowsof hammer-shaped bodies are separated from each other by anvil bodies.This permits a relatively compact structure with high output.

Expediently, the anvil bodies are detachably connected to the containerwall and are secured against accidental turning. The anvil bodies canthus be assembled and disassembled in a minimum of time while specialbearing means for the anvil bodies are not necessary. For connecting theanvil bodies, the container wall of the crushing device may be used.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the anvil bodies are formed inthe shape of rods and have their upper marginal sections which face thehammershaped bodies slanted. On one hand this makes it possible toemploy structural standard material for the anvil bodies, and on theother hand, in view of the slanting of the anvil bodies, the advantageis obtained that material dropping upon the anvil bodies will passtoward the sides into the gaps between the anvil bodies and thehammer-shaped bodies.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the anvil bodiesas well as the hammer-like bodies are preferably made of steel,especially hardened steel while the anvil bodies and the hammer-shapedbodies are at those ends thereof which face each other machined, forinstance ground. In this way the charged goods can be crushedparticularly finely, for instance, to a pulverous form.

According to a further feature of the invention, also the hammer-shapedbodies have those marginal portions thereof which-face the slantedportions of the anvil bodies, slanted in such a way that thehammershaped bodies in the direction of movement thereof have asubstantially conical design. This brings about that the materialdropping from above upon the crushing tools are easily guided into thegaps between the hammer-shaped bodies and the anvil bodies and willparticularly slide into these gaps.

Expediently, the slanted portions of the hammershaped body extend up tothe central upper width range thereof in such a way that in saidintermediate width range of the hammer-shaped bodies there remains anapproximately horizontal guiding surface. In conformity with theinvention, together with the guiding surfaces of each row ofhammer-shaped bodies cooperates a guiding element, especially a pipe orshaft which is in a friction-free manner journalled in antifrictionbearings and is rotatable about its longitudinal axis, said pipe orshaft extending over the total width of a row of hammer-shaped bodies.These guiding elements will prevent the hammer-shaped bodies during thebeating operations from escaping or deviating in upward direction orfrom edging relative to the beating path of the anvil bodies when thematerial is crushed. Inasmuch as the guiding elements are arranged in afriction-free manner in antifriction bearings, such as ball bearings, orroller bearings, these guiding elements can particularly easily move sothat for the acceleration of the hammer-shaped bodies a correspondinglysmall impulse is required.

Advantageously, the guiding element may at its end ranges be joumalledin antifriction bearings associated with the container wall while theend sections of said guiding element protrude from the container and areheld by screws or the like. In this way, it will be possible to insertthe anvil bodies from the outside in a simple manner into the container.In a correspondingly simple manner, the anvil bodies can be disassembledfrom the container, for instance, for purposes of repair. It is merelynecessary to loosen the holding screws and pulling the same out of thecontainer.

vIt is particularly advantageous to rest the hammershaped bodies onpreferably two spaced easily rotatable tubular supporting and guidingelements which extend over the total width of the respective row ofhammer-shaped bodies and have their end sections protrude from thecontainer while being held by screws or the like. In this way, also thesupporting and guiding elements can in a simple manner be introducedfrom the outside, i.e., without disassembling the crushing device. Forpurposes of repair or the like, the crushing device in a correspondinglysimple manner can be removed by detaching the holding screws andremoving the same.

In order to reduce the resistance encountered by the acceleration of thehammer-shaped bodies to a minimum, the present invention provides forjournalling the supporting and guiding elements at their end sections inantifriction bearings. As antifriction bearings there may be employedball bearings, roller bearings, needle bearings, in a manner similar tothat employed with the guiding elements cooperating with the guidingsurfaces of the hammer-shaped bodies.

A further feature of the invention consists in'that the axles of thesupporting and guiding elements as well as of the upper guiding pipecooperating with the guiding surfaces of the hammer-shaped bodies arearranged in the corner points of an isosceles triangle and extendapproximately parallel to each other.

Advantageously, on each side of each row of hammer-shaped bodies betweenthe latter'and the container wall there are preferably provided inspaced relationship to each other two easily rotatable guiding bearings.These bearings may, in conformity with the present invention, bedesigned in the form of hollow axles which are arranged in antifrictionbearings which extend in vertical direction over all crushing zones. Asa result thereof, the hammer-shaped bodies are guided not only theirunder and upper side in a substantially friction-free manner, but thehammer-shaped bodies which in a row are located on the outside, areprevented from beating against the container wall, or the like. Sincethe guiding bearings extend over all crushing zones, they can relativelyquickly be assembled, and for purposes of repair or the like canlikewise quickly be disassembled. A further advantage consists in that acorrespondingly low number of individual elements is necessary.Consequently, it is merely necessary to keep in stock only acorrespondingly small number of individual elements for cases of repair.

Advantageously, the width of the hammer-shaped bodies is considerablyless than the length thereof and amounts, for instance, to fromone-fifth to one-third of the length. Advantageously, the hammer-shapedbodies have a weight of from 1 to 10 kilograms.

It has proved advantageous to select the width of the hammer-shapedbodies so that it amounts to approximately from one-tenth to one-fifthof the length of the anvil body.

According to a further feature of the invention, approximately at themedium height range of the container, the crushing tools of one or morecrushing zones are removable in such a way that within this range a freespace remains. If necessary, this design of the crushing deviceaccording to the invention makes possible to reduce the outputpossibility of the crushing device by removing some crushing tools.Furthermore, it is possible, depending on the material to be crushed toprovide a free space, approximately in the central range of the heightof the container so that the material already treated in the uppercrushing zones will be able particularly easily to distribute itselfover the entire inner cross section of the container and thereforesimultaneously over the lower crushing zones. Depending on the materialto betreated, in view of the provision of a free space in the containerthere exists the possibility of counteracting a so-called plate effect.This is made possible by the fact that material dropping out from theupper crushing zones, as the case may be, stuck together preheatedmaterial, will detach itself in the free space and will distributeitself uniformly so that it can safely by the following crushing toolscrush to the desired end grain size. This distribution of the materialin the free space or chamber can be further accelerated by connecting tosaid free chamber a compressed air generator and/or a pump for producinga pressure drop. In this way a particularly intensiveturbulence of thematerial to be crushed is effected in the said free space.

A further feature of the invention consists in that two or more adjacenthammer-shaped bodies are adapted to be coupled together, for instance,by a bolt or pin. By coupling together a plurality of hammer-shapedbodies, the impact energy can be varied accordingly and in conformitywith the granular size and type of the material to be crushed.

According to the present invention it is also possible to providehammer-shaped bodies and/or anvil bodies of different weight in theindividual crushing zones.

It is particularly advantageous to make all of the elements,particularly the hammer-shaped bodies, anvil bodies, guiding elements,bearings and the like, exchangeable, and to design these elements sothat they can be installed by a simple plugging. operation. Furthermore,advantageously, the container is, in conformity with the crushing zones,composed of individual sections so that the sections can be mountedtogether for building up a container. All gaps of the device aredustproof. In view of this design of the crushing device according tothe invention, the individual parts can be, in a particularly simplemanner, exchanged while also the stock keeping of replacement parts willbe simplified. Inasmuch as the individual elements are primarilyconnected by plug connections, the

assembly time for a device according to the present invention isrelatively short.

According to a further feature of the invention, a plurality of thecontainers are combined in the form of a battery, in other words, arearranged, for instance, in a circumferential mantle while the materialto be crushed is fed to the individual containers through acorresponding number of funnels equipped with distributing elements.

Expediently, the unbalance motors are arranged at oppositely locatedsides on the container in a plane which is offset by 90 with regard tothe beating direction of the hammer-shaped bodies.

According to a further feature of the invention, the container rests inspaced relationship to the ground in a frame in such a way that thecontainer is laterally supported by the oscillation cushioning bearingon the frame, whereas it rests by means of hammer-shaped extensions onroller bearings or the like.

Advantageously, the material to be crushed is primarily under theinfluence of the gravitational force moved through the air gaps orcrushing zones which form between the anvil bodies and the hammer-likebodies in view of the quick alternating beating. The material will thenbe crushed to particularly fine dust particles or the like. This methodis particularly economical and can be employed, for instance, in thecement industry when grinding or crushing raw cement.

Referring now to the drawings in detail, the present invention will bediscussed in connection with a crushing device for the cement industryor the like. The arrangement shown in the drawings comprises asupporting framework 1 of a crushing device with a container 3, whichlatter by means of the supporting framework 1 is mounted in spacedrelationship to the floor 2.

As will be evident in particular from FIGS. 1 and 2, the longitudinalaxis of the crushing device extends approximately in vertical directionso that material fed into a funnel 4 will, under the influence of thegravitational forces, pass to the discharge funnel 5. The filling funnel4 has, in conformity with the illustrated embodiment, a screen whichextends over the freecross section of the container 3 and through whichthe material to be crushed is passed and is, through distributingelements 7, 8 and 9, distributed over the entire cross section of thecontainer 3.

As will be evident from FIG. 1, a plurality of superimposed crushingzones 10, 11, 12 and 13, are provided in spaced relationship to eachother. The crushing zones 10 13 comprise crushing tools which with theillustrated embodiment are formed of a plurality of hammer-shaped bodies14 and anvil bodies 15 associated therewith.

As will be evident from FIGS. 2 and 3, in each of the crushing zones 1013 there is provided a plurality of hammer-shaped bodies 14 which arearranged parallel and adjacent to each other in spaced relationship toeach other.

As will be evident from FIG. 1, in addition thereto in each crushingzone 10 13 there is provided a plurality (in the illustrated embodiment3) of such rows of hammer-shaped bodies 14 which are located in the samehorizontal plane, one behind the other, in spaced relationship to eachother. Between the individual serially arranged rows of thehammer-shaped bodies 14 there are respectively arranged anvil bodies 15in such a way that on both sides of each hammer-shaped body 14, betweenthe anvil body 15 and the hammer-shaped body 14, there remains a gap 16.

FIG. 3 indicates that the anvil bodies 15 extend transverse through thecontainer 3 and are fixedly, but detachably connected to the containerwall, and are secured against accidental rotation. To this end the anvilbodies 15 have their ends provided with protrusions 15a, 15b. Each anvilbody 15 has its protrusion 15a extending through a corresponding recessin the wall of the container 3, whereas the protrusion 15b engages acorresponding depression in the bearing of the wall of the container 3.Within this range, and in vertical direction one above the other, thereare provided two fitting pins 17 which are connected to the container 3.These pins engage bores 19, 20 of the protrusions 15b of the anvil body15, said bores 19, 20 formingfitting bores. As a result thereof, theanvil bodies 15 are prevented from turning about the longitudinal axes.The design is such that the protrusion 15a is arranged in a dustproofmanner in the wall of the container 3.

With the embodiment shown in the drawing, the hammer-shaped bodies 14are, similar to the anvil bodies 15, made of steel. As will beparticularly evident from FIGS. 5 to 7, the upper marginal areas 14a,14b of the hammer-shaped bodies 14 which face the anvil bodies 15 arebeveled so that each hammer-shaped body when viewed from the side has asomewhat conical design.

Those beating surfaces 14c of the hammer-shaped bodies 14, whichsurfaces face the anvil surfaces 15c of the anvil bodies 15 are, similarto the corresponding anvil surfaces 150, machined by grinding so thatthe beating surfaces will properly, and over the entire surface, engagethe corresponding anvil surfaces 15c. the anvil bodies 15 have their Themarginal areas which face the marginal areas 14a, 14b of thehammer-shaped bodies 14 likewise beveled so that the beveled portions15d, 15e of the anvil bodies 15 end approximately at the same level asthe corresponding beveled portions 14a, 14b of the hammer-shaped bodies14. As a result thereof, the material which is charged from above intothe crushing device easily slides into the gaps 16.

As will be seen in particular from FIG. 5, the beveled portions 14a, 14bof the hammer-shaped bodies 14 are so designed and arranged that in thecentral width and length area of the hammer-shaped bodies 14 thereremains a guiding surface 21, as more clearly shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.The guiding surfaces 21 of the individual hammer-shaped bodies of eachrow of bodies are located approximately in the same horizontal plane.This is brought about by the fact that the individual hammer-shapedbodies of each row are mounted on or supported by two supporting andguiding elements 22, 23 which are spaced from each other. In this way, afriction-low mounting is obtained. The supporting and guiding elementsof the illustrated design consist of steel pipes which may be machinedand which at their end ranges are easily rotatably joumalled inantifriction bearings as, for instance, ball bearings. The supportingand guiding elements 22 and 23 are so designed that their end sectionsextend through the wall of the container 3 and are by holding screws orthe like secured against accidental movement.

Cooperating with the guiding surface 21 is a guiding element 24 which,similar to the guiding and supporting elements 22 and 23, is tubular andpreferably made of steel. The tubular guiding element 24 has its endportions rotatably journalled in antifriction bearings, such as ballbearings 25 and 26. As will be seen from FIG. 3, the end sections of thetubular guiding element 24 extend through the walls of the container 3and are by connecting means such as screws 27 and 28 secured againstbeing pulled out.

FIG. indicates that the supporting and guiding elements 22 and 23 on onehand and the tubular guiding element 24 on the other hand are arrangedat the corners of a triangle in such a way that the hammer-shaped bodiesare, in the direction of the beating movements X, Y, reliably guided.

On each end face of a row of hammer-shaped bodies 14, there are providedtwo guiding bearing means 29, 30; 31, 32, which are spaced from eachother and extend in vertical direction. These guiding bearing means,according to the illustrated design comprise hollow shafts or steelpipes which have their ends easily rotatably arranged in bearing meansas, for instance, ball bearings. FIG. 2 shows only the ball bearings 33,34; 35, 36. The tubular guiding bearing means 29 32 extend, as shown inFIG. 2, over all'of the crushing zones 1,3 and thus in verticaldirection over all of the rows of hammer-shaped bodies 14. The designand arrangement of the guiding bearings 29 32 is such that thehammer-shaped bodies 14 are, in spaced relationship to the inner wall ofthe container 3, guided in the direction toward the anvil surface 150.

As will be seen from FIG. 2, the container has on opposite sides thereofassociated therewith non-balance motors 37, 38, which, when inoperation, bring about that the hammer-shaped bodies 14 of theindividual crushing zones 10 13 oscillate back and forth in thedirection X and Y respectively, in other words, carry out an oscillatingmovement. Depending on the employed driving motors, the hammer-shapedbodies 14 will be able per minute to carry out, for instance, 700 beatson each anvil body 15. The material which follows into the gaps islikewise pulverized in this way. The gaps 16 may have a width of, forinstance, from 2 to 8 millimeters, preferably from 3 to 6 millimeters.

' The material which has not been completely crushed in the firstcrushing zone will in the subsequent crushing zones, surely be crushedso fine that the respective desired grain size will be realized.

With the embodiment illustrated in particular in FIG. 1, between thecrushing zones 10, 11 on one hand and the crushing zones 12, 13 on theother hand there is provided a relatively large free space 39 withoutcrushing tools through which space the material coming from the crushingzones 10, 11 has to pass. To this space 39, the conduit 40 may beconnected, which is in communication with a suction blower, not shown inthe drawings.

In this space or chamber 39 the material is loosened up so that in casesome material has compacted in the form of plates, it will again beloosened and fall apart. In this way, in the subsequent crushing zones12 and 13, a further thorough crushing to the desired end grain sizewill be facilitated.

When operating the said unbalance motors 37, 38, the container 3 issubjected to oscillations. These oscillations are absorbed laterally bybearing means, for instance, rubber buffers 41, 42; 43, 44 connected tothe supporting framework 1 which have an oscillation absorbingcharacter. The bottom side of the container 3 rests through theintervention of supporting members 45 and 46 on rollers or shafts. Inthis way, harmful oscillations are kept away from the foundation.

As a modification of the embodiment shown in the drawing, it is alsopossible in the space 39 to provide a corresponding number of crushingzones. Furthermore, it is possible in the individual crushing zones, toarrange hammer-shaped bodies and anvil bodies of different dimensionsand/or weights. Depending on the desired degree of crushing, it isfurthermore possible to install the crushing tools of one or morecrushing zones and to remove the same therefrom when desired. Finally,it is also possible instead of providing three rows of hammer-shapedbodies as shown in the drawings, to arrange four or more rows of suchbodies one behind the other. Moreover, if desired, 'two or morehammershaped bodies arranged adjacent to each other may beinterconnected by simple plug connections to form a body in which thecomponents will oscillate together. To this end, as seen from FIG. 5,the hammer-shaped bodies 14 have their central'region provided withbores 47 extending transverse to the longitudinal axis thereof. Fittingpins, for instance, also notch pins, may be inserted or hammered intosaid bores. By coupling a plurality of hammer-shaped bodies together toform a common oscillating body, the beating weight is in-. creased sothat as the case may be, coarser and harder material may be crushed bythe same device. By coupling a plurality of beaters or hammers together,in case of need, with the same material and the same device the crushingeffect can be increased and the final grain size of the crushed materialcan be reduced further.

It is, of course, to be understood that the present invention is, by nomeans, limited to the particular constructions shown in the drawings,but also comprises any modifications within the scope of the appendedclaims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a crushing device: a container, a plurality of crushing zones invertically distributed relation in said container, each crushing zonecomprising spaced anvil means fixed to the container and hammer meansbetween said anvil means and movably supported in the container, meansfor supplying material to be crushed to said container above theuppermost one of said crushing zones, means for withdrawing crushedmaterial from said container beneath the lowermost one of said crushingzones, vibrator means operatively connected to said container foreffecting relative movement between said hammer means and anvil means ina direction to cause said hammer means to beat on said anvil means, saidhammer means comprising a plurality of hammers in at least one row inside by side relation in each said crushing zone, the said anvil meansin each crushing zone extending over the entire length of said pluralityof hammers, and guide members extending vertically in said containerbetween each end of each row of hammers and the adjacent container wall.

2. A crushing device according to claim 1, in which said vibrator meansis in the form of an unbalanced motor mounted on said container.

3. A crushing device according to claim 1, in which a said anvil meansis disposed on each side of said hammer means.

4. In a crushing device: a container,- a plurality of crushing zones invertically distributed relation in said container, each crushing zonecomprising spaced anvil means fixed to the container and hammer meansbetween said anvil means and movably supported in the container, meansfor supplying material to be crushed to said container above theuppermost one of said crushing zones, means for withdrawing crushedmaterial from said container beneath the lowermost one of said crushingzones, vibrator means operatively connected to said container foreffecting relative movement between said hammer means and anvil means ina direction to cause said hammer means to beat on said anvil means, saidhammer means comprising a plurality of hammers in at least one row inside by side relation in each said crushing zone, the said anvil meansin each crushing zone extending over the entire length of said pluralityof hammers, each crushing zone comprising a plurality of rows of hammersdistributed in a horizontal plane, said hammers being movable in thehorizontal direction between adjacent anvil means.

5. A crushing device according to claim 4, in' which said anvil meanscomprises an anvil body between each pair of adjacent rows of hammers ineach crushing zone. I

6. A crushing device according to claim 5, in which each anvil body isnonrotatably and detachably connected to said container.

7. A crushing device according to claim 6, in which each anvil body isrod shaped and extends completely across the said container and arebevelled on the top to form an inclined surface sloping downwardlytoward the adjacent hammers.

8. A crushing device according to claim 5, in. which said anvil bodiesare formed of steel and have those surfaces facing the adjacent hammersmachined flat.

9. A crushing device according to claim 8, in which said anvil bodieshave at least said surfaces hardened.

10. A crushing device according to claim 5, in which each said hammer isbevelled on top to form inclined upper surface regions which slopedownwardly toward the adjacent anvil bodies disposed on opposite sidesthereof.

11. A crushing device according to claim 10, in which the inner ends ofsaid inclined upper surface regions are spaced and a central flatsurface region on top of the hammer joining said inclined regions andforming an upper guiding surface for the hammer.

12. A crushing device according to claim 11, which includes'a rod-likeelement disposed over said upper guiding surfaces of each row ofhammers, and bearing means in the container rotatably supporting saidrodlike elements.

13. A crushing device according to claim 12, which includes retainingmeans mounted on the ends of each said rod-like element outside the saidcontainer.

. 14. A crushing device according to claim 11, in which the lowersurfaces of said hammers are coplanar ill Kifilildfihffflfii iii$ illsoibeneath each row of hammers in horizontally spaced relation andsupported by said container and arranged in parallel relation to thesaid rodlike element above the respective row of hammers.

15. A crushing device according to claim 14, which includes bearingmeans supportingly engaging the ends of said further rod-like elements.

16. A crushing device according to claim 14, in which lines joining theaxes of the said rod-like elements pertaining to each row of hammersform a substantially isosceles triangle.

17. A crushing device according to claim 1, in which said guide membersare rod-like, and bearing means at the ends of said guide membersrotatably supporting the guide members.

18. A crushing device according to claim 1, in which each hammer isabout one-fifth to one-third as wide as it is long.

19. A crushing device according to claim 7, in which the width of eachhammer measured in the direction of the length of the adjacent anvilbody is from about onetenth to one-fifth of the length of the anvilbody.

20. A crushing device according to claim 4, in which said crushing zonesare so distributed in the vertical direction as to leave a free space ofsubstantial height between an upper crushing zone and the crushing zonenext therebeneath.

21. A crushing device according to claim 20, which includes meansconnected to said container for withdrawing air from said free space.

22. A crushing device according to claim 4, which includes means forcoupling adjacent ones of said hammers together for movement as a unit.

23. In the crushing mill according to claim 1, in which several crushingzones are arranged serially in direction of crushing material flow.

24. In the crushing mill according to claim 23, in which individualcrushing zones are arranged with differing spacing from each other, sothat between individual groups of crushing zones there result greaterintermediate spacing.

1. In a crushing device: a container, a plurality of crushing zones invertically distributed relation in said container, each crushing zonecomprising spaced anvil means fixed to the container and hammer meansbetween said anvil means and movably supported in the container, meansfor supplying material to be crushed to said container above theuppermost one of said crushing zones, means for withdrawing crushedmaterial from said container beneath the lowermost one of said crushingzones, vibrator means operatively connected to said container foreffecting relative movement between said hammer means and anvil means ina direction to cause said hammer means to beat on said anvil means, saidhammer means comprising a plurality of hammers in at least one row inside by side relation in each said crushing zone, the said anvil meansin each crushing zone extending over the entire length of said pluralityof hammers, and guide members extending vertically in said containerbetween each end of each row of hammers and the adjacent container wall.2. A crushing device according to claim 1, in which said vibrator meansis in the form of an unbalanced motor mounted on said container.
 3. Acrushing device according to claim 1, in which a said anvil means isdisposed on each side of said hammer means.
 4. In a crushing device: acontainer, a plurality of crushing zones in vertically distributedrelation in said container, each crushing zone comprising spaced anvilmeans fixed to the container and hammer means between said anvil meansand movably supported in the container, means for supplying material tobe crushed to said container above the uppermost one of said crushingzones, means for withdrawing crushed material from said containerbeneath the lowermost one of said crushing zones, vibrator meansoperatively connected to said container for effecting relative movementbetween said hammer means and anvil means in a direction to cause saidhammer means to beat on said anvil means, said hammer means comprising aplurality of hammers in at least one row in side by side relation ineach said crushing zone, the said anvil means in each crushing zoneextending over the entire length of said plurality of hammerS, eachcrushing zone comprising a plurality of rows of hammers distributed in ahorizontal plane, said hammers being movable in the horizontal directionbetween adjacent anvil means.
 5. A crushing device according to claim 4,in which said anvil means comprises an anvil body between each pair ofadjacent rows of hammers in each crushing zone.
 6. A crushing deviceaccording to claim 5, in which each anvil body is nonrotatably anddetachably connected to said container.
 7. A crushing device accordingto claim 6, in which each anvil body is rod shaped and extendscompletely across the said container and are bevelled on the top to forman inclined surface sloping downwardly toward the adjacent hammers.
 8. Acrushing device according to claim 5, in which said anvil bodies areformed of steel and have those surfaces facing the adjacent hammersmachined flat.
 9. A crushing device according to claim 8, in which saidanvil bodies have at least said surfaces hardened.
 10. A crushing deviceaccording to claim 5, in which each said hammer is bevelled on top toform inclined upper surface regions which slope downwardly toward theadjacent anvil bodies disposed on opposite sides thereof.
 11. A crushingdevice according to claim 10, in which the inner ends of said inclinedupper surface regions are spaced and a central flat surface region ontop of the hammer joining said inclined regions and forming an upperguiding surface for the hammer.
 12. A crushing device according to claim11, which includes a rod-like element disposed over said upper guidingsurfaces of each row of hammers, and bearing means in the containerrotatably supporting said rod-like elements.
 13. A crushing deviceaccording to claim 12, which includes retaining means mounted on theends of each said rod-like element outside the said container.
 14. Acrushing device according to claim 11, in which the lower surfaces ofsaid hammers are coplanar and parallel with the said flat surfaceregions on top of the hammers, and further rod-like elements disposedbeneath each row of hammers in horizontally spaced relation andsupported by said container and arranged in parallel relation to thesaid rod-like element above the respective row of hammers.
 15. Acrushing device according to claim 14, which includes bearing meanssupportingly engaging the ends of said further rod-like elements.
 16. Acrushing device according to claim 14, in which lines joining the axesof the said rod-like elements pertaining to each row of hammers form asubstantially isosceles triangle.
 17. A crushing device according toclaim 1, in which said guide members are rod-like, and bearing means atthe ends of said guide members rotatably supporting the guide members.18. A crushing device according to claim 1, in which each hammer isabout one-fifth to one-third as wide as it is long.
 19. A crushingdevice according to claim 7, in which the width of each hammer measuredin the direction of the length of the adjacent anvil body is from aboutone-tenth to one-fifth of the length of the anvil body.
 20. A crushingdevice according to claim 4, in which said crushing zones are sodistributed in the vertical direction as to leave a free space ofsubstantial height between an upper crushing zone and the crushing zonenext therebeneath.
 21. A crushing device according to claim 20, whichincludes means connected to said container for withdrawing air from saidfree space.
 22. A crushing device according to claim 4, which includesmeans for coupling adjacent ones of said hammers together for movementas a unit.
 23. In the crushing mill according to claim 1, in whichseveral crushing zones are arranged serially in direction of crushingmaterial flow.
 24. In the crushing mill according to claim 23, in whichindividual crushing zones are arranged with differing spacing from eachother, so that between individual groups of crushing zones there resultgreater intermediate spacing.